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The distinguishing factor between a felony and a misdemeanor primarily hinges on the severity of the crime. Felonies are typically more serious offenses that carry harsher penalties, which can include imprisonment for more than a year, and in some cases, could lead to life sentences or even the death penalty. Misdemeanors, on the other hand, are considered less serious violations, often resulting in fines or incarceration for less than a year, typically in a local jail rather than a prison.

This classification system is integral to understanding the criminal justice process, as the severity influences not only the legal consequences but also impacts the social stigma associated with the crime, potential for rehabilitation, and the offender's future opportunities. Other factors, such as the amount of damage caused, the time of the offense, or the location of the crime, may affect the specifics of a case but do not fundamentally determine whether an offense is classified as a felony or a misdemeanor.